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Victorian Curriculum v2.0
Number and algebra
Number
Name, represent and order numbers including zero to at least 20, using physical and virtual materials and numerals
Recognise and name the number of objects within a collection up to 5 using subitising
Quantify and compare collections to at least 20 using counting and explain or demonstrate reasoning
Partition and combine collections up to 10 using part-part-whole relationships and subitising to recognise and name the parts
Represent practical situations involving addition, subtraction and quantification with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies
Represent practical situations involving equal sharing and grouping with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies
Recognise, represent and order numbers to at least 120 using physical and virtual materials, numerals, number lines and charts
Partition one- and two-digit numbers in different ways using physical and virtual materials, including partitioning two-digit numbers into tens and ones
Quantify sets of objects, to at least 120, by partitioning collections into equal groups using number knowledge and skip counting
Add and subtract numbers within 20, using physical and virtual materials, part-part-whole knowledge to 10 and a variety of calculation strategies
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive situations, including simple money transactions; represent the situations with diagrams, physical and virtual materials, and use calculation strategies to solve the problem
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving equal sharing and grouping; represent the situations with diagrams, physical and virtual materials, and use calculation strategies to solve the problem
Recognise, represent and order numbers to at least 1000 using physical and virtual materials, numerals and number lines
Partition, rearrange, regroup and rename two- and three-digit numbers using standard and non-standard groupings; recognise the role of a zero digit in place value notation
Recognise and describe one-half as one of 2 equal parts of a whole and connect halves, quarters and eighths through repeated halving
Add and subtract one- and two-digit numbers, representing problems using number sentences and solve using part-part-whole reasoning and a variety of calculation strategies
Multiply and divide by one-digit numbers using repeated addition, equal grouping, arrays, and partitioning to support a variety of calculation strategies
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations, including money transactions; represent situations and choose calculation strategies; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation
Identify, explain and use the properties of odd and even numbers
Recognise, represent and order natural numbers using naming and writing conventions for numerals beyond 10 000
Recognise and represent unit fractions including 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and 1/10 and their multiples in different ways; combine fractions with the same denominator to complete the whole
Add and subtract two- and three-digit numbers using place value to partition, rearrange and regroup numbers to assist in calculations without a calculator
Multiply and divide one- and two-digit numbers, representing problems using number sentences, diagrams and arrays, and using a variety of calculation strategies
Estimate the quantity of objects in collections and make estimates when solving problems to determine the reasonableness of calculations
Recognise the relationships between dollars and cents and represent money values in different ways
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations including financial contexts; formulate problems using number sentences and choose calculation strategies, using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation
Follow and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions to investigate numbers; describe any emerging patterns
Recognise and extend the application of place value to tenths and hundredths and use the conventions of decimal notation to name and represent decimals
Investigate number sequences involving multiples of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9
Find equivalent representations of fractions using related denominators and make connections between fractions and decimal notation
Count by multiples of quarters, halves and thirds, including mixed numerals; locate and represent these fractions as numbers on number lines
Solve problems involving multiplying or dividing natural numbers by multiples and powers of 10 without a calculator, using the multiplicative relationship between the place value of digits
Develop efficient strategies and use appropriate digital tools for solving problems involving addition and subtraction, and multiplication and division where there is no remainder
Choose and use estimation and rounding to check and explain the reasonableness of calculations including the results of financial transactions
Solve problems involving purchases and the calculation of change to the nearest 5 cents with and without digital tools
Follow and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that use addition or multiplication to generate sets of numbers; identify and describe any emerging patterns
Interpret, compare and order numbers with more than 2 decimal places, including numbers greater than one, using place value understanding; represent these on a number line
Express natural numbers as products of their factors, recognise multiples and determine if one number is divisible by another
Compare and order fractions with the same and related denominators including mixed numerals, applying knowledge of factors and multiples; represent these fractions on a number line
Recognise that 100% represents the complete whole and use percentages to describe, represent and compare relative size; connect familiar percentages to their decimal and fraction equivalents
Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions with the same or related denominators, using different strategies
Solve problems involving multiplication of larger numbers by one- or two-digit numbers, choosing efficient calculation strategies and using digital tools where appropriate; check the reasonableness of answers
Solve problems involving division, choosing efficient strategies and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret any remainder according to the context and express results as a whole number, decimal or fraction
Check and explain the reasonableness of solutions to problems including financial contexts using estimation strategies appropriate to the context
Follow a mathematical algorithm involving branching and repetition (iteration); create and use algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions and digital tools to experiment with factors, multiples and divisibility; identify, interpret and describe emerging patterns
Recognise situations, including financial contexts, that use integers; locate and represent integers on a number line and as coordinates on the Cartesian plane
Identify and describe the properties of prime, composite and square numbers and use these properties to solve problems and simplify calculations
Apply knowledge of equivalence to compare, order and represent common fractions including halves, thirds and quarters on the same number line and justify their order
Apply knowledge of place value to add and subtract decimals, using digital tools where appropriate; use estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers
Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using knowledge of equivalent fractions
Multiply and divide decimals by multiples of powers of 10 without a calculator, applying knowledge of place value and proficiency with multiplication facts; using estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers
Solve problems that require finding a familiar fraction, decimal or percentage of a quantity, including percentage discounts, choosing efficient calculation strategies with and without digital tools
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems, involving rational numbers and percentages, including in financial contexts; formulate the problems, choosing operations and efficient calculation strategies, and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, justifying the choices made
Describe the relationship between perfect square numbers and square roots, and use squares of numbers and square roots of perfect square numbers to solve problems
Represent natural numbers in expanded notation using powers of 10, and as products of powers of prime numbers using exponent notation
Round decimals to a given accuracy appropriate to the context and use appropriate rounding and estimation to check the reasonableness of computations
Multiply and divide fractions and decimals using efficient mental and written strategies, and digital tools
Use the 4 operations with positive rational numbers, including fractions and decimals, to solve problems using efficient mental and written calculation strategies
Find percentages of quantities and express one quantity as a percentage of another, with and without digital tools
Compare, order and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of integers
Recognise, represent and solve problems involving ratios
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems, involving rational numbers and percentages, including financial contexts; formulate problems, choosing representations and efficient calculation strategies, using digital tools as appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, justifying choices made about the representation
Recognise irrational numbers in applied contexts, including 𝜋 and numbers that develop from the square root of positive real numbers that are not perfect squares, and recognise that irrational numbers cannot develop from the division of integer values by natural numbers
Establish and apply the exponent laws with positive integer exponents and the zero exponent, using exponent notation with numbers
Convert between fractions and terminating or recurring decimals, using digital tools as appropriate
Use the 4 operations with integers and with rational numbers, choosing and using efficient mental and written strategies, and digital tools where appropriate, and making estimates for these computations
Solve problems involving the use of percentages, including percentage increases and decreases and percentage error, with and without digital tools
Recognise that the real number system includes the rational numbers and the irrational numbers, and solve problems involving real numbers with and without using digital tools
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